Answer :
➡️ Preface :
The Indian renaissance is started in 19th century western culture and education. Indian who started to work systemattically for their removal, they were no longer willing to accept the tradition, benefits and practice of Hindu society. The impact of Western ideas gave birth to new awakening changes took place in India.
➡️ Renaissance in India :
1️⃣ Contribution of Ram Mohan Roy :
Ram Mohan Roy was a great scholar and humanist. He worked throughout his life for the social religious intellectual and politic regeneration of the Indians.
Ram Mohan Roy was born in 1772 in small village in Bengal as a young man he had studied Sanskrit and Hindu philosophy in Varanasi. The central figure of renaissance awakening was Raja Ram Mohan Roy known as,
" The father of the Indian renaissance."
He was a great scholar who mastered several languages including English, latin, Greek and Hebrew.
ð As social reformer :
A tribute to the maker of modern India Raja Ram Mohan Roy. In 1814 Ram Mohan Roy settled in Calcutta and dedicated his life to the cause of social and religious reform. Ram Mohan Roy fought against social evils like,
- sati pratha
- child marriage
- polygamy
- cast discrimination
He organised movement against the inhuman custom of sati and helped William bentick to pass law benning sati system in 1829. He was fought and stood up alone for women rights and he was in favour of widow remarriage.
In 1829 Ram Mohan Roy founded new religious society known as the Atmiyasabha which later know as the Brahmosamaj. This religious society based on the twin pillars of rationalism and philosophy of Vedas.
2️⃣ Young Bengal moment and Henry Derozio :
The establishment of the Hindu College in 1817 was a major event in history of Bengal. It played an important role in carrying forward the reformist movement that had already emerged in the province. A redical movement for the Hindu society known as the young Bengal movement. It started under the leadership of Henry Derozio, who was teacher of the Hindu College. Derozio was deeply influenced by the revolutionary ideas of Liberty equality and the fraternity. He was brilliant teacher and within a short period of time he drew around him group for of intelligent boys in the college.
He inspired his student to think rationally and free to question authority to love Liberty equality and freedom and worship with truth. The movement started by Derozio was called young Bengal movement and his followers known as the Derozians.
The derozian could not lead a very successful movement because of social conditions were not yet reap for their ideas to flourish at they carried forward Ram Mohan's tradition of educating the people on social economic political questions.
3️⃣ Dayanand Saraswati and Arya samaj
Another organisation in Northern India which aim to strengthen Hinduism through reform was the Arya samaj. Dayanand Saraswati is the founder of Arya samaj.
" The soul is one in its natur but its entities are many."
- Dayanand Saraswati
In 1863 Swami Dayanand Saraswati started preaching his doctrine of one God. He was questioned the meaningless rituals he wanted to purify Hinduism and attacked the evils that had crept into Hindu society.
He propagated the motto "Back to Vedas" asserting that the Vedas made no mention of untouchability, child marriage. Swami Dayanand began the Shuddhi movement which enabled the Hindus who has accepted Islam or Christianity to return to Hinduism. The satyarth Prakash was his most important work.
4️⃣ Contribution of prathna samaj
In 1867 the prathna samaj was started in Maharashtra with the aim of reforming Hinduism and preaching the worship of one God Mahadev. Govind Ranade and R.G. Bhandarkar were the two great leader of prarthana samaj it attacked the cast system and predominance of the brahmins campaigned against parda pratha and widow remarriage.
5️⃣ Theosophical society and Annie Besant
Annie Besant an Irish women who came to India in 1893 helped the theophist movement to gain strength she propagated Vedic philosophy and argued Indians to take pride in their culture. Annie Besant was the founder of the Hindu Central college in Banaras with later developed into the Banaras Hindu University. Annie Besant played a prominent role in Indian Renaissance and politics in 1917 she was elected as a president of the Indian National Congress.
6️⃣ The Ram krishna mission
In 1896 Vivekananda founded the Ram Krishna mission to propagate social welfare it laid emphasis note on personal salvation but on social good and social service.
The Ram krishna mission stood for religious and social reform based on unscient culture of India. It believed that serving human being was the same as worship of God. This is the mission opened chain of schools, hospitals, orphanages and libraries throughout the country. It provide relief during femines and a earthquakes.
A math or monastry was established in belur nere the Calcutta the belur math took care of the religious development of the people.
In this way journey of Indian renaissance started with the helped of various reformers, scholars and religious leader,in direction many other scholars contribution was remarkable_.
Rabindranath Tagore
Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar
Keshavchand sen
Devendranath Tagore
They were highly activist to bring Renaissance in India their contribution always remember in the history of Indian renaissance.
7️⃣ Principles of practical Vedanta
The main goals and objectives of these twin organisations based on the principles of practical Vedanta are here_
ð To spread the idea of the potential divineity of every being and how to manifest it through every action and thought.
ð To spread idea of harmony of religions based on Shri Ramkrishnas experience that all religions lead to the realisation of the same reality known by different names in different religions. The mission honours and reveres the founders of all world religions such as Buddha Christ and Mohammed.
ð To treat all work as worship and service to man as service to God.
ð To make all possible attempts to alleviate human suffering by spreading education rendering medical service extending help to villages through rural development Central, etc.
ð To work for the all round welfare of humanity especially for the uplift of poor and the down trodden.
ð To develop harmonious personalities by the combined practice of jannana, bhakti, yoga and karma.
ð The motto of Ramakrishna math and Ramkrishna mission is : atma no mokshatham Jagat hityacha
" For one's own salvation and for the welfare of the world."
ð To provide a home for deserving orphan and destitute boys giving them three board and lodging.
ð To educate them under the gurukula system where the educational institutions and the home are blended together and where the teachers and you pupils live together and work in close and harmonious relationship.
ð To make them live a life of brahmacharya train their character and inspire them with high ideas of self sacrifice and service.
ð To do everything conducive to the achievement of the above object.
8️⃣ The ten basic principle of Arya samaj
In 1863 Swami Dayanand Saraswati started preaching his doctrine of one God. Another organisation in Northern India which aim to strengthen of the Hinduism through reform was the Arya samaj. Dayanand Saraswati the founder of Arya samaj.
✏️ God is the primary cause of all spiritual and physical sciences and of everything known through their means.
✏️ God is existent intelligent and blissful. He is formless beginning less incomperable the support and lord of all omniscient imperishable immortal fearless eternal Holy and the creator of the universe. To him alone worship is due.
✏️ The Vedas are the scriptures of all true knowledge it is the duty of all aryas to read them hear them being read and recite them to others.
✏️ One should always be prepared to accept truth and reject untruth.
✏️ All actions should be performed in comfortmity with Dharma. That is after due consideration of the right and wrong.
✏️ To do good to the whole world is the main objective of the Arya samaj that is to improve the physical spiritual and social well being of all mankind.
✏️ All people should be treated with love fairness and due regard for their merit.
✏️ One should always promote knowledge and dispel ignorance.
✏️ One should not only be content with one's own welfare but should look for it in the welfare of others also.
✏️ One should be bound in following altruistic social rules while all should be free in following the rules of individual welfare.
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